420 is one of those numbers that some people think about, like Chris Carter's 10:13, the ubiquitous 23 Skidoo, or 5/5/2000. Our minds are always searching for all-encompassing explanations and meanings in the patterns that we perceive in oblique numbers. Where there is a pattern, we hope that there is also predictability.

Perhaps we obsess about such numbers a little too much. Salman Rushdie alludes to a possible reason in Midnight's Children (New York: Knopf, 1980):

Inevitably, a number of these children failed to survive. Malnutrition, disease and the dangers of everyday life had accounted for no less than four hundred and twenty of them by the time I became conscious of their existence; although it is possible to hypothesize that these deaths, too, had their purpose, since 420 has been, since time immemorial, the number associated with fraud, deception, and trickery.

420 and Literature

In literature, 4:20 is the time that people leave. Mark Twain wrote: "At 4:20 pm, Sunday, we rolled out of the station at Omaha, and started Westward on our long jaunt." [1]

People emerge from a swoon, then, too:

The seizure had left him a little frightened and shaky, but he argued that had it been a real heart attack, he would have surely felt a good deal more unsettled and concerned, and this roundabout piece of reasoning completely dispelled his fear. It was now four-twenty. He blew his nose and trudged to the station. [2]

420 and European Art-house Film

Ingmar Bergman knew of it, too. An analog clock features distinctly in the post-mortem illusion of The Magician (1958), both hands dangling down, just past the odd Roman numeral four on the clock face (odd, that it is represented by four lines: IIII, not the more standard two characters: IV). Francois Truffaut, was aware, also, of oblique numbers and divining their hidden meanings. In Jules et Jim (1962), the friends have just gotten together again, after World War II ( circa 1917). Jim offers a cigarette to Jules, who explains he quit smoking when he began to love plants. As Jim begins to smoke, Jules says: "An angel just passed by." Jim looks at his watch, nods. "It's one twenty," he says, then adds: "angels always pass by at twenty minutes past the hour." Jules says, "Hmm, I didn't know that." Catherine adds: "Neither did I." Jim says, "At twenty minutes past, and twenty minutes to the hour."

A Time To Get High

Like many things lately, now the notable number 420 is sold cheap as a slogan: stoner-speak for "time to get high." April 20th claims a notorious birthday: Adolph Hitler. Countless others share April 20th as a birthday, including Spanish artist Joan Miro, Jessica Lange, Carmen Electra, and Joey Lawrence.

A Date To Remember (Forever)

April 20th looms significantly in the recent nightmares of history. The date is the anniversary of the shootings by Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, and one day after former US Attorney General Janet Reno authorized FBI forces to storm the Mt. Carmel compound, ending the 51 day stand-off with the Branch Davidians sect with an apocalyptic fire-storm. Two years later on 19 April 1995, Timothy McVeigh blew up the Alfred P. Murrah building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma as revenge for the Waco incident. More than 420 people watched Timothy McVeigh's execution on 11 June 2001. Shootings in the southern China city of Yuntang, sparked by local tax resistance, began at 4:20 on 18 April 2001. And the anti-globalist protests in Quebec City against the Free Trade Area of the Americas occurred during the week of April 20th, 2001.

Jackie Brown and the 4:20/Marijuana Connection

Perhaps the most direct take on the 4:20/marijuana connection, is in the film Jackie Brown (1997). Director Quentin Tarantino featured the number, ambiguously, in the times subtly provided on-screen near the end of the story (in which all characters who acknowledge smoking marijuana will ultimately die). The "prime stoners" (Melanie and Louis, the Bridget Fonda and Robert De Niro characters, respectively) die just after 4:20, by calculation based on the time sequence provided on screen.

At precisely 4:12, the pair park the VW bus at the mall parking lot for their part in the money hand-off, enter the store, wait briefly, conclude the transaction, and return to the parking lot just moments later, where Louis shoots Melanie when she won't stop talking. The time of death isn't given on screen, but can be clearly inferred from events that it is at least eight minutes after they parked at 4:12, perhaps as much as twelve minutes later. Louis finds the van, drives to the ordained spot to pick up Ordell, explains the incident, and is shot by Ordell. Times are not given for the events transpiring after the hand-off, but Louis's death is likely no more than twenty minutes after Melanie's death.

Once we notice these patterns, they attract our mind's gaze. Once we are attuned to a thing, it surfaces nearly anywhere. Perhaps 420's ultimate enigma is how we can utilize this principle to enact self-change and world-oriented creativity. Only then may we be free of Time.

Endnotes:

[1] Mark Twain. Roughing It (New York: New American Library, 1994). p. 559.

[2] Vladimir Nabokov. Pnin (New York: Vintage International, 1989). p. 25.